How Organism Learn: Classical And Operant Conditioning :: essays research papers fc

How Organism Learn: Classical and Operant Conditioning There are two main explanations of how organisms learn. The first explanation is known as classical conditioning. The second explanation is known as operant conditioning. These two types of learning are exhibited in our everyday lives through our home, school, and school. Classical conditioning was discovered by Iran Petrovich Pavlov. He was originally a physiologist whose main focus was the digestive system (Gazzaniga 230). His discovery was made during a study on the salivation of dogs when given food. Pavlov observed that the dogs began salivating at the sound of the scientists footsteps and at their appearance into the room (231). This led Pavlov to study the phenomenon further. The experiments that Pavlov was originally observing were based on the set of unconditioned stimulus and its unconditioned response. What is meant by conditioned is that the response is automatic and based on instinct. To compliment this name the stimulus is known as the unconditioned stimulus (Myers 260). With Pavlov's new observations a new set of stimulus and response was found. This new set is known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. What is meant by conditioned response here is that the response was learned. The stimulus begins as neutral and causes no conditioned response. However, if the neutral stimulus can be associated with another stimulus, then it becomes a conditioned stimulus. Classical conditioning can be exemplified in the home, school, and school. In the home a child could smell brownies baking in the kitchen which makes her mouth water. The brownies are the unconditioned stimulus, the smell is the conditioned stimulus, and the watering of the mouth is the conditioned response (Myers 267-68). In work a man may be waiting to be fired. When he sees his boss he begins to sweat. The unconditioned stimulus is getting fired, the conditioned stimulus is the sight of the boss, the conditioned response is the sweating. In school a boy may be in class when suddenly the fire alarm goes off at which time the boy walks to exit the building. The unconditioned stimulus is fear of a fire, the conditioned stimulus is the sound of the alarm, and the conditioned response is the exiting of the building. Operant conditioning is an organism's learning an association between how it behaves and what happens as a result of that behavior (Gazzaniga 244). There are some differences between classical and operant conditioning. First, the operant response has to occur completely spontaneously. In classical conditioning the conditioned response is drawn from an organism. In operant conditioning the response is delivered by the organism which then awaits the

Research Methods in the Media Industry Essay

There’s a whole variety of reasons why research is undertaken in the media industry and there’s also a number of different ways to carry out research to acquire the different forms of information required. This report will be discussing the following in detail audience research, qualitative methods, quantitative methods, primary research and secondary research lastly consumer awareness Why we research in the media industry? As I said before research is undertaken for a variety of reasons. It might be so the director knows what they possibility may need to adjust in their production based on what it’s about, and this is known as content analysis where the producer and the director will research the subject matter to gather information to include into the final production. In addition research might also be undertaken be aware of legal restrictions for instance copyright infringement simply when you want to use the same ideas or the same content you will require written consent from the person who originally invented or owns the idea, in most cases copyright infringement doesn’t protect the underlying ideas, it also doesn’t protect facts. For instance, copyright doesn’t stop or limit you from expressing in your own words thoughts and facts that originate in any sources you read or view however you must give appropriate credit to the sources in which they originated from. For instance, there have been several, Alien based films, however only one E.T. Audience research Media products all have a target audience which could be defined by several factors, including age, gender as well as demographics. Whether it’s a chat show, daily newspaper, film or any other media form, each has a clear target audience. You must beware that audiences are not the same besides the audience research tells the producer what most applies to the audience how they can take advantage of what applies to the audience. They may watch previously released films/programmes and find out if they were successful at appealing to that audience. On the other hand they can observe a group viewing of a series premiere to see the group’s reaction and see if they’ve met their expectations and getting a calculation from the observation to see if they need to make some alterations to the production. Additionally Producers may also use BARB to find out further details about their selected audience what exactly is appealing to them after that discus features that will be in the production. Qualitative research methods Qualitative methods are better for finding more descriptive data and opinions because you interact with the research which lets you to explain any misunderstood questions and to go into further detail meaning you get a more factual answer. Methods that are categories under qualitative research range from case studies, interviews, diary analysis and focus groups. For instance the producers of a film will pick out a group which has the profile of their target audience, and will show them the film. This can be done both pre and post release if the film is not performing as well as predicted. The producer could then use the focus group’s response to alter or completely rethink, or even go ahead and take nothing on board and confirm the look and content of the film. Quantitative research methods Quantitative research mainly is numerical data. It could be used by producers of a film or by the company which is marketing it. UK based TV company’s use the( Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board) BARB for short to analyse viewing ratings, plus radio station use ( Radio Joint Audience Research Limited) short for RAJAR will view the listening numbers. Qualitative and quantitative methods are constantly used together in order to research the habits and preference of the target audience. In order to identify the profile of the audience, producers may look at current demographic models has on age or gender, or they may try to create a new audience for their film. Creating a new audience is much harder to accomplish additionally a producer may have to come up with a film which is appealing to those that feel there’s a gap in the industry, or gather a group of individuals together who all desire a possible reinvasion in the market. Finally when a target audience has been recognized, the film producer will then target the audience by using a series of carefully organised ad campaigns. The films could be promoted in newspapers that the target audience reads, also online sites which are frequently visited by the target audience, or show an ad when you’re guaranteed the most viewers such as champion’s league games or X factor episodes. Primary research methods Primary research is any research that’s done by an individual first hand. There’s a wide range of techniques for primary research from focus groups, interviews, observations and questionnaires, all come under as primary since questions are being asked directly this is research that is done first hand. Primary research is more suitable for finding out detailed information since you wouldn’t have to rely on anyone else’s results to be correct since the individual would have gathered the necessary information themselves so they know everything was done exactly how they wanted so the information is reliable. Primary research can come in the categories of both qualitative and quantitative research since there’s a variety of ways to conduct this research. Detailed look at a few the primary research techniques Questionnaires are regularly used by researchers when they need to gather essential information from a number of people targeting certain groups by age, ethnicity, and gender even social class. There practically surveys that can be sent on the internet in the post or hand out person to person. It’s easy to analyse questionnaires since its just basically gathering numbers, in addition it’s a much cheaper but sometimes a more time consuming process to gather information. Then again on the down side questionnaires aren’t able to get hold of, detailed information since they typically have closed questions yes or no type or the listed options provided in questionnaire. Another potential problem with questionnaire is that the individual taking part in the questionnaire may get the wrong end of the stick about a particular question or just not understand completely. For that reason the individual organising the questionnaire may possibly not get the right results from the questionnaire. Possible way to evade this you could do a pilot study to examine the questionnaire and make any necessary alterations after. Interview: interviews can be divided into three areas structured, semi structured, unstructured interviews. Structured: Structured interviews stick to a specific guideline with set questions sticking to the ones written. Semi structured: Semi structured interviews have some questions however questions can be added on the spot to go into more detail with the questions. Unstructured: lastly unstructured interviews have no questions set. The interviewer will bring up a topic with some questions in their head, similar to a casual conversation than anything. Interviews are mainly qualitative forms of research this method of research can very fruitful to the researcher since you are capable of going into more detail and thus gather further information for your research. On the other hand, the questions asked in an interview may be bias if the interviewer has their personal biased viewpoint placing their opinion in the questions. This may be done by the interviewer if they ask leading questions for instance. Tell us the reason why you like this film, instead of do you like the film. Secondary research methods Secondary research is gathered information that was done by someone else and made accessible to the public. For instance through archives, the internet, and other media outlets such as the news all of these come under secondary data since the information that you receive from these sources is information that the individual never gathered themselves. Potentially secondary research maybe unreliable option of researching since the individual can’t be sure that everything written is accurate since they never carried out the research themselves and they can’t test it and get the same results. On the plus side secondary research is significantly cheaper and faster process to use since the information has been completed for you already by someone else. Detailed look at a few the secondary research techniques The most common practice of secondary research done nowhere days is on the internet to think not too long ago we spent while copy the information on a copy machine. With the vast amount of online resources, traditional means of research done by books seem out dated. It’s now common for a student to complete an essay without opening a single book. However there are always pros and cons with any new technology. Some people like to say there’s a skill involved in finding a book in the library and searching. An Individual can ignore the entire topic that was read thoroughly for pertinent information. This may lead to more people getting the wrong end of the stick and not understanding the subject matter. But it’s a free vast amount of information; free for use for anybody much easier and less process, as well as getting qualitative information and opinions including polls, surveys, are simpler with the internet, assuming you’re aware of where you’re getting your information from. That could lead to a con since it’s not wise to use information from an unaccredited source, not from opinion based sites a lot of these sites around that look creditable but are far from it Consumer awareness Consumer awareness is the understanding that a consumer is knows his or her legal rights and duties. It’s essential for a consumer to stick to these rights. It’s implemented for the protection of the consumer, so the consumer is not exploited. But the producers may look into consumer awareness to discover if their ad campaign successful or if it’s unsuccessful. NRS The National Readership Survey NRS for short is provides the most dependable and respected audience research in operation for the advertising sector in the UK. The NRS reports on over 250 of the UK’s mainstream newspapers and magazines, you get a sense of the size and nature of the audiences they attract. In this always evolving digital age the NRS still create partnerships with the leading digital data sources providing a clearer vision of the combined total audience future. This is a great source for gathering information since data posted on this site are available without subscription. Already prepared for producers and so on only thing to do now is compare. Company Structure NRS Ltd is regulated and for the most part funded by three shareholders (IPA) The Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (NPA) The Newspaper Publishers Association (PPA) The Periodical Publishers Association Why are the surveys so important? The way surveys are carried out affects the estimations it produces. Particularly for media measurement surveys NRS randomly selects individual aged 15+ in the UK. Only the chosen individuals may be interviewed to ensure that the surveys are clear and representative. The demographic characteristics won’t have the same reading habits according to their lifestyle and availability. It’s better for NRS to use random testing to reduce the favouritism towards people who are available for interview than others. The Interviews Structure A nonstop survey, all 12 months of the year, 7 days a week Total number: around 36,000 interviews a year with adults aged 15+ per year A random sample: interviews only conducted at randomly selected addresses with randomly selected individuals The average time for an hour takes half an hour http://www.nrs.co.uk/access.html

How Are College Academics Different from High School

Examples Of Marketing Assignment - 972 Words

We are a full-Service iOS development service providing company Code Fusion Private Limited is India’s up-and-coming app company in India focused on developing mobile apps for iOS Phone. We are a team of prolific iOS app developers When we at Code Fusion Private Limited say we are prolific iOS app developers, we take both the words and the mechanism very seriously. We do not want to be yet another run-of-the-mill app developer on the market delivering standard solutions to our customers. In fact, our aim is to always be the best and by offering all customers a unique app that also meets their needs and goals. So we always welcome you to contact us and share the nitty-gritty about your next app development project with us. APPROVAL OF A†¦show more content†¦2. Development Quality Assurance From all the facets of the development process, we utilize an iterative process that facilitates a flexible and well-organized workflow. We develop iOS platform in a way that ensures the best user experience. Irrespective of how well-designed the apps initiative is, it can invariably come as a surprise how users use it and what features they fundamentally require or value most. By default, we put into practice Google Analytics, but we have far-reaching experience in bringing a broad range of third party tracking tools into use. 3. Operation Monitoring We will not upload your iOS app to the iOS App Store until it has been thoroughly tested. Also, we will guide you on how to choose the best keywords. After the launch, our automated monitoring systems ensure that we straight away spot and give a response to any errors that users come across and/or experience. Although apps may have a restricted life to support a campaign, most of our apps are expected to live for a long time. It is therefore important for the app to evolve over time to conform to the changing needs of users and to take advantage of new opportunities. 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Economic Globalization- Life and Debt - 1516 Words

Economic Globalization- Life and Debt The world is constantly becoming smaller and smaller as time progresses. A process of globalization is rapidly turning the world as we know it into economic opportunity waiting to be exploited. A large factor in this process is due to the advent of technology which is becoming more and more readily available to lesser developed countries. Countries such as Jamaica and other LDC’s are primary targets of economic globalization. In the film Life and Debt by Stephanie Black, we see the effects globalization has on Jamaican culture, industry, and agriculture. In order to discuss the effects of globalization, it is important to assess what economic globalization is defined as. Economic globalization is the†¦show more content†¦The powered milk became such a commodity that the local produce dairy farms couldn’t sell their milk. A memorable scene in the film was when the dairy farmers had to spill out all their surplus milk that was only a days worth to make room for new milk since it wasn’t being consumed. A dairy farm used to produce 3,000 quarts per day and after America subsidized the milk industry, dairy farms were producing only about 600 liters. Dairy farmers were run out of their businesses and it’s sad to say but some dairy farmers were forced to convert to butchering their cows in order to make profit (Black). The Jamaican economy in 1970 was 800 million dollars in debt and by the time of the year 2000 the debt had reached an alarming 7 billion dollars. In order to service its accumulated debts Jamaica set up Exporting Processing Zones or EPZ’s. The free zones created lots of employment to jump-start the economy. The free zones themselves were separate entities to Jamaica, similar to the US-owned cemetery for the WW2 soldiers in Normandy. 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Sustainable Business Global Product Development

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Business for Global Product Development. Answer: Introduction: Nepal is one of the most attractive and visited tourist destination across the globe with different beautiful sceneries (Hall Page, 2012). There are several items and events that visitors can enjoy viewing and experiencing while in the town. Such include religion, arts, and crafts, paintings, festivals, cuisine, sceneries, hotels, and heritage among others. Tourism in Nepal is attractive given the additional trekking activity involved and the scenes of the earthquake that makes people reflect on the nature and its effect on human lives (Aryal Shrestha, 2011). Feasibility and sustainability is a factor for these products, most importantly the artificial products that are fabricated (Chen, Legrand Sloan, 2016). This paper presents the feasibility study on tourism product in Nepal considering the principle of sustainability in its development. The proposed tourism product for the region is the tourist support service that embraces rapid technology and gives the aspiring guests opportunity to consider options from all over across the globe (Barber Kastarlak, 2011). Visiting Nepal has an advantage of being able to visit Mount Everest, the tallest in the world trekking in the Himalayas, and walking through Annapurna and Langtang among other areas (Aryal Shrestha, 2011). Everest presents the visitors mount climbing opportunity, and flying above the mountain. The support service for tourists focuses more on trekking activities, offering support to the guests on the requirements and choosing appropriately the places they want to visit for a trek. The service intends to provide guidance on the state requirements, health and fitness, equipment and supply, and hosting the guests within the vacation areas. It will also guide the foreigners on how to survive the remote locations and offer support and needs to be required while visiting such areas. The services will involve permits, guidance, accommodation and availing itineraries for the guests to be able to plan their visit in prior. Environmental Impact The environmental implications of the proposed tourism product as a service are majorly indirect. Every service offered must be sustainable and supportive to the environment while at the same time able to contributing to the maintenance of the environment (Boone, 2010). The significant negative environmental impact of the service is pollution and erosion caused by major trekking events across the areas, calling for the control of trekking activities and initiating systems to ensure that the environment is preserved and maintained to support any future touring activities. There is the need for social responsibility and commitment to all players and stakeholders to keep the environment (Cipollina Presenza, 2010). Environmental impact involves all the issues that affect the environment and extend to the fauna and flora. The effects can be both active and negative as long as they contribute to the changes in the environment, both positive and adverse (Mason, 2015). For the tourist guide service proposed, the combination of activities involved in the service may affect the environment in different ways (Barber Kastarlak, 2011). There is a need for environmental impact assessment for any product and business to ensure that the production or the service is within limits and takes into consideration the scope of the environment. An environmental impact assessment has been in place in Nepal since late 20th century with a keen focus on infrastructural development. In the same way, the country commits to ensuring environmental conservation through the guidelines in place that ensure that measures are in place at every pre-stage of activity (Deng, Ding, Song, Zhong, 2011). The policies eliminate the adverse effects any planned activity may contribute to the environment and guides every industry including tourism, transportation, and the general ecological system (Boone, 2010). The proposed action, therefore, has to consider all the impacts it will have on the environment considering all the services that will be involved. The hosting the tourists will be contracted to third parties, transportation that will be provided directly from the service, consulting and support services for the guests (Mason, 2015). Another key activity is the long distance walk and any behavior that comes with it that may harm the environment. During the adventure, it is necessary to institute discipline among the people to ensure that they have respect for and appreciate the culture and the environment (Richards, 2011). The observance of the locals and avoiding any disposal along the way unless for the designated places is necessary. The positive impact that the activity may have to the environment includes the contribution for revenue to support conservation policies and activities and may attract the interest of conservationists who may contribute towards the course (Mason, 2015). The service proposed can encourage locals to take initiatives to ensure that their environment is in better condition. Therefore if controlled and service adhere to the environmental regulations, the activity can influence nature positively (Boone, 2010). This project does not require full impact assessment since such is only applicable to the activities that directly affect the environment thus partial assessment depending on the scope of such activities. Regular review and monitoring of activities are essential to identify any activity that has a potential impact on the environment and design a mitigation measure (Deng, Ding, Song, Zhong, 2011). Political Impact There are policies and administration that guide and control activities within respective jurisdictions. Political consequences come about in two directions, from either the government or the business or product side. There policies in place that require adherence from players depending on their fields and the respective policies controlling such fields (Pizam Wang, 2011). In another way, product or service may attract government or political attention based on its appropriateness even without the existence of any clear policy for such. Businesses need to pay attention to any proposed legislative and regulatory changes that may affect their operations and anticipate any future shifts. Political stability is essential for the tourism industry in any country that has far influenced the trends in tourism in Nepal as a country (Bhandari, 2010). Nations bank on oil, tourism, agriculture and mining as the primary exchange products, and with tourism being the top giant three earners globally, there is a need for favorable political environment and policies to offer conducive atmosphere and affirmation of safety for tourists and its stakeholders (Cipollina Presenza, 2010). Nepal is rich in tourist attraction thereby need political goodwill to support the growth of the sector and the economy. War and political instability grossly affect the tourism activities with the potential of giving wrong publicity that drains down tourist arrivals (Bhandari, 2010). The first political revolutions, for instance, contributed widely to the decline of tourism activities in Nepal and southern Asia region (Hall Page, 2012). The service must consider the political trends and mark ways of remaining relevant even at the time of political uncertainty. This would call for the promotion of local tourism activities to ensure that even when the external numbers drop, the local and regional clients still find a preference to the operation thus earning some income (Shakya, 2014). Sustainability needs may ignite thoughts on expansion to other countries with potential, infusing export and publication options to keep the base in case of any uncertainty (Benur Bramwell, 2015). Socio-cultural Impact Tourism as the largest service industry in the world needs to be sensitive to the cultural and social effects across different regions (Richards, 2011). Tourism respects the social aspects such as the land since it does not contribute to any additional pressure on the land. With the service focusing on promoting the appreciation of the local cultures by the tourists, it will sensitize on the cultural differences and ensure that there is no conflict of culture among the different groups, either among tourists or with the locals (Mller-Bker, Upadhayaya, Sharma, 2011). Various groups including global agencies have a keen focus on the socio-cultural impacts of tourism and related activities. With the promotion of local products and events, tourism has the potential of uplifting communities not only socially but also economically. Through the tourist's support service, communities are encouraged to develop their ways of living, uphold their positive cultures and find the means to improve the manner of doing things without distorting their uniqueness (Lehmann, 2010). The service must ensure means in which preserves the authenticity of culture and not affected by commodification, standardization, culture clash or irritation from the difference in behaviors. There is a need for the active involvement of the locals in the activities and prepare the tourists of the encounters through their path to tour the different areas (Mller-Bker, Upadhayaya, Sharma, 2011). Tourism activities may also encourage peace and healthy behaviors that will convince the tourists to visit the destinations more due to small risks or insecurity (Duval, Hall Timothy, 2012). Economic Impact Tourism is a top global earner industry with the economic potential of the regions where the service is available. The stakeholders and players in the industry must ensure that the activity has positive trend economically and improving cash flow to the host jurisdiction (Getz, Timur, 2012). The major challenge for second and third world countries like Nepal is the economic leakage in the industry that drains the gains back to the foreign countries (Lacher Nepal, 2010). In as much as this is apparent, the proposed tourism product has no capacity to control the disadvantage entirely. However, the service can encourage the purchase of local products and initiate avenues for more expenditure by the tourists to ensure that there are more foreign earnings from the activity. The service can also put up measures that will ensure the locals benefit directly through the purchase of local products such as arts (Gautam, 2011). Sustainability of the practice highly relies on the manner in which the service can be self-sustaining, earn revenue to the government, the locals and support conservation and maintenance initiatives (Chen, Legrand Sloan, 2016). Another initiative is promoting local equipment, and in a way, improving their standards to ensure the guests can embrace them. Different efforts require political participation and goodwill to find measures to minimize leakage and maintain it below 50% as the case of India (Lacher Nepal, 2010). Trekking activity, camping, and purchase of local products, highly reduce leakage while driving foreign earning into the economy (Acharya Halpenny, 2013). Other than the earnings, tourism contributes to employment opportunity and expansion of knowledge to uplift communities. Community Collaboration Activities Populations in the different sites can be involved to promote their products and talents to the tourists. People can receive support to improve the standards of their products and events without distorting authenticity (Mowforth Munt, 2015). The locals can be involved in guiding the tourists in treks, offering other field services, and orienting the visitors. The community involvement can be by having some of them work for the agency (Shakya, 2014). The lives of the communities are uplifted, and they get to embrace development by having exposure to understand and appreciate their environment thereby reducing poverty. The product will ensure that communities can identify opportunities while presenting ideas and projects to undertake that can support them through the future. Sustainability Plan To ensure sustainability of natural resources, we must ensure that we maintain the nature that improves our quality of life to enable it to extend to the future generation (Chen, Legrand Sloan, 2016). The principle of sustainability revolves around limiting the use of scarce resources, minimizing waste and providing quality. This ensures meeting the needs of the population without having compromise the needs for the future generations by making sure that the next generations are also able to enjoy the quality of life as the previous (Wells, 2013). The instituted plans also have to be such that they can support future use to promote sustainability. The sustainability plan involves: Diversification and expansion to prevent any effect of unstable political environment. Encourage authenticity of the local events and products even with the infusion of technology. Promote local talents, activities, and products to avoid leakage. Involve the local communities in activities to help orient the guests on the regular activities. Promoting embracement of different cultures. Cooperating with the government and administration, together with other stakeholders. The tourism product must adhere to the principles of sustainability, to protect the environment, culture, consider the political context, have and bring about a sustainable economic impact (Bhandari, 2010). The product must also examine the relationship between people and their surroundings and support community collaboration to ensure that the communities identify with the product. Implications The impact of this tourism product regarding service is that it will promote tourism in the area, support local culture and activities and increase revenue earning to the government about foreign income and the local populations through direct engagement (Richards, 2011). The service also ensures that the guests experience the authentic culture, appreciate the locals and their activities and get warm acceptance from the locals (Duval, Hall Timothy, 2012). The service eliminates any resistance between the factions and ensures they co-relate appropriately. The product can support the target people without harming the environment. From an economic perspective, the product can generate income and substantiate its maintenance or production while at the same time giving some returns (Gautam, 2011). The focus on the trek support services is to ensure an emphasis on trekking activity while in Nepal and to enable the guests to experience culture in the region and the results of the environmental effect (Aryal Shrestha, 2011). On the other hand, it gives the opportunity to promote local products and activities in the areas that the guests visit. Stakeholder Analysis The administration is a major player in the tourism sector contributing towards favorable political and legislative environment, infrastructure support and economy control (Cipollina Presenza, 2010). Actively involving the government provides a balance of its contribution to the growth of the sector and the sector contribution towards the advancement of communities and government initiatives (Mowforth Munt, 2015). Local Communities The local communities in the regions visited also contribute widely to their rich culture and behaviors. Engaging them will ensure their status is improved, products promoted while they embrace the tourists visiting their areas (Mowforth Munt, 2015). Industry players The tourism industry partners are also important given that they support and complement the activities involved in tourism. Engaging them to ensure efficiency and readily availability of services and championing for best practices (Getz, Timur, 2012). International partners Having international partners supports the promotion of the tourism activities and increases the traffic of guests visiting the country (Pizam Wang, 2011). Development of Tourism Product The development of the tourism product will consider the sustainability principles are giving attention to the tourism industry in Nepal. It will also put weight on how the roles of different players can support the success of the industry and quality (Pizam Wang, 2011). There is need to consider the existing and potential opportunities and map them to support in developing strategies for the service development process. After outlining the opportunities, it is vital to consider the environment and the communities that the activities will take place and put in place measures that will ensure that they benefit from the activities (Shakya, 2014). The development process also must be in line with the local and international policy frameworks and ensure that there are no risks presented by the product to any party. Product is embraced given the quality in place and support the implementation of policies (Wells, 2013). Having met the regulatory requirements, there is a need for a capital base that can support the kick off the process and finance the activities that will bring the business to stability. The service is then tested with the locals as marketing activities roll out to support learning and help in making adjustments that solidify the product (Shakya, 2014). References: Acharya, B. P., Halpenny, E. A. (2013). Homestays as an alternative tourism product for sustainable community development: A case study of women-managed tourism product in rural Nepal. Tourism Planning Development, 10(4), 367-387. Aryal, R., Shrestha, A. B. (2011). Climate change in Nepal and its impact on Himalayan glaciers. Regional Environmental Change, 11(1), 65-77. Barber, B., Kastarlak, B. I. (2011). Fundamentals of planning and developing tourism. Pearson Higher Ed. Benur, A. M., Bramwell, B. (2015). Tourism product development and product diversification in destinations. Tourism Management, 50, 213-224. Bhandari, K. (2010). Tourism in Nepal: post-monarchy challenges. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 8(1-2), 69-83. Boone, C. G. (2010). Environmental justice, sustainability, and vulnerability. Internati Chen, J. S., Legrand, W., Sloan, P. (2016). Sustainability in the Hospitality industry: Principles of sustainable operations. Routledge. Cipollina, M., Presenza, A. (2010). Analyzing tourism stakeholders networks. Tourism Review, 65(4), 17-30. Deng, J., Ding, P., Song, Z., Zhong, L. (2011). Research on environmental impacts of tourism in China: Progress and prospect. Journal of environmental management, 92(11), 2972-2983. Dowling, R. K., Moore, S. A., Newsome, D. (2012). Natural area tourism: Ecology, Impacts and management (Vol. 58). Channel View Publications. Duval, D. T., Hall, C. M., Timothy, D. J. (2012). Safety and security in tourism: relationships, management, and marketing. Routledge. Gautam, B. P. (2011). Tourism and economic growth in Nepal. NRB Economic Review, 23(2), 18-30. Getz, D., Timur, S. (2012). 12 Stakeholder involvement in sustainable tourism: balancing the voices. Global tourism, 230. Hall, C. M., Page, S. (2012). Tourism in the south and southeast Asia. Routledge. Lacher, R. G., Nepal, S. K. (2010). From leakages to linkages: Local-level strategies for capturing tourism revenue in Northern Thailand. Tourism Geographies, 12(1), 77-99. Lehmann, S. (2010). The principles of green urbanism. Transforming the city for sustainability. Earthscan. Mason, P. (2015). Tourism impacts, planning, and management. Routledge. Mowforth, M., Munt, I. (2015). Tourism and Sustainability: Development, globalization and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Mller-Bker, U., Upadhayaya, P. K., Sharma, S. R. (2011). Tourism amidst armed conflict: Consequences, copings, and creativity for peace-building through tourism in Nepal. The Journal of Tourism and Peace Research, 1(2), 22-40. Pizam, A., Wang, Y. (Eds.). (2011). Destination marketing and management: theories and applications. Cabi. Richards, G. (2011). Tourism development trajectories: From culture to creativity?. Tourism Management Studies, (6), 9-15. Shakya, M. (2014). Social Capital, Tourism and Socio-Economic Transformation of Rural Society: Evidence from Nepal (No. 208). Institut fuer Entwicklungsforschung und Entwicklungspolitik, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum. Wells, G. (Ed.). (2013). Sustainable business: Theory and practice of business under sustainability principles. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Reconsidering Outsourcing Solutions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Reconsidering Outsourcing Solutions. Answer: Introduction This course has truly been eye-opening in my journey as a business student. In class this course has given me a chance to explore and work through new business ideas and concepts and expand my understanding of the business world. I continue to advance my learning through interchange of professional ideas with both my peers and faculty. I have been able to participate fully in pushing my learning experience to the maximum through a number of action-oriented activities such as case studies and simulations. This in turn has helped me to build my critical thinking, expand my knowledge and improve my thought process. During the course of my study Iacquired important knowledge in class especially concerning business research into outsourcing.The competencies I have so far acquired give me belief that am pursuing the right professional career and that I am getting properly equipped to respond to real-world challenges once I graduate. Furthermore, I gained insight about important business functions such as outsourcing where a company entrusts non-core business functions to external parties. These vendors assume the responsibility of delivering agreed services to the principal for a fee. Generally the activities or functions that are outsourced are those that the company feels that they can be performed from an offshore point(Freytag Clarke 2012).Most common functions that companies outsource include processing payroll, inventory management and call center services. I have come to appreciate the importance of this type of practice as well as the probable risks that may arise. Some of the advantages associated with outsourcing include the ability of the company to cut down on costs. I learnt some interesting scenario about how to take advantage of geography in outsourcing. Companies are able to negotiate for provision of some functions at a much cheaper rate than if they were to undertake the function on their own(Freytag Clarke 2012).An endearing example that I can remember is where there is significant difference in wages between say America and Asia. If a function can adequately be performed in Asia, then it makes logical sense to have this function transferred to Asia at a much lower cost but with same value addition.Outsourcing also bring the element of added efficiency since outsourcing partners have years of experience undertaking such a function which in most cases is their core function and specialty. By virtue of this specialization, outsourcing offers a variety of skilled human resources that can satisfactorily address the function as may be required(Freytag Clarke 2012).The end product of all this is faster and more satisfying service delivery. However much as outsourcing is good, I learnt during the fourth week that it can bring about serious and negative impact if it is not handled appropriately. Top on the list is the possibility of losing confidentiality of sensitive information to parties outside of the intended persons. There is also a chance that an outsourcing partner delivers poor services especially if they do not have prior experience handling such outsourced processes. I undertook a number of activities regarding business research. Essentially it entails a practical study where a company or individual seeks to obtain important data relating to customer experience, cost or a new product(Freytag Clarke 2012).This information is then analyzed and fine-tuned to help make management decisions. Business research may include consumer feedback, analysis of the market competition or financial data. Business managers would then use this information to better understand their business standing as well as know the position such a business holds in the market and how to improve it. I decided to draw a list of questions which I used to collect data from a number of company managers. I personally went to interview persons to gather relevant information about outsourcing. I sent out by mail other questionnaires to firms that were distant. I also did online research about past research findings and how these finds can influence the outcome of my research.Additionally, I made telephone calls to certain firms with a view to getting their opinion on a particular subject. I considered the appropriateness of the methodology to use in harvesting data. During this stage I decided on which quantitative techniques to use in analyzing the data I had collected.I then came up with a sample that I believe was representative of the population. I have learnt of the necessity to dig up the related literature of the business topic under research so that I can get the historical perspective of the subject(Collis Hussey 2013). This background information then constituted further discussion in the report. The process of research offered me insight in various functional processes of a business especially my research in outsourcing. Outsourcing is a common practice in most modern organisations. I realized that businesses should undertake their own research to determine the aspects of their functions and processes can be outsourced profitably.Any business worth its name must conduct a research, however limited, to understand its target customers or simply market trends. This helps the firm to strategically position itself in the market and take advantage of opportunities that competitors may not be aware of(Collis Hussey 2013). With insightful information collected from the market, a business will be able to predict trends and avoid possible problems in the future. Most importantly though is the fact that awareness of market conditions is likely to guide informed decision-making which will ultimately achieve profitability- a key objective of almost all going concerns. Researching and ou tsourcing will help companies to develop not only better products and services but also produce what is relevant to customers ever-changing tastes at a cheaper rate. Through business research a manager can analyze how individual department within the organization is performing(Collis Hussey 2013). With proper projections, necessary adjustments can be made to determine which functions can be outsourced profitably. There are various types of research that a business can undertake to attain informed decision-making regarding outsourcing. This entails a business conducting focused and periodic surveys in the market to establish market dynamics and responding appropriately to those changing patterns in the market. Other researches may include performing a budget variance analysis on a quarterly basis and comparing with projected overhead costs. All in all, business research will help any business stay ahead of competition and also help management make decisions that are consistent with the needs of target market. With limited funds, a business can take a simple online survey which can yield quick yet easy-to-understand data. Alternatively this function can be outsourced to companies that have a historical understanding of business research (Collis Hussey 2013). The hypothesis for the research revolved around the effect of outsourcing on the organization.It detailed the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. Upon further research it became evident to me that outsourcing in departments of business is a very common practice. This included human resource functions such as payroll. Generally, the companies that employed the strategy of outsourcing seem to enjoy certain freedoms and can focus on key functions of their business. The last week entailed focusing the skills gained in a work related environment. These skills I have acquired are very important both to the company and also as an individual. They go a long way in satisfying the requirements of my degree. As an individual I feel empowered to act appropriately as a business student. I have developed further understanding of the various functions that businesses undertake and how these functions can positively or adversely affect the overall success of a business. I have also understood why business opts to outsourcefor non-core functions and processes. On a personal level I can infuse this knowledge into administration of our family business. For instance, I am in a position to conduct appropriate customer surveys to gauge market dynamics By applying the skills I have acquired in my future work place and profession I believe I will offer valuable solutions to the many problems that continue to bedevil start-ups. This information is the kind that can make a great difference between a business succeeding or suffering irreparable breakdown. As a prospective chief executive of a multinational corporation, I believe I have added one vital aspect of progressive management. This course has equipped me with the right knowledge to understand outsourcing in its entirety. As a future leader I will ensure thorough understanding of market dynamics through a properly developed outsourcing model before making any decisions that are likely to affect the economic outlook of the company. Bibliography Collis, J. and Hussey, R., 2013.Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Freytag, P.V., Clarke, A.H. and Evald, M.R., 2012. Reconsidering outsourcing solutions.European Management Journal,30(2), pp.99-110.